Financing in education and loan system of Canada (01)
Introduction
In Canada, education loan is constitutionally the responsibility of the provincial governments - there is no national department of education. The federal government provides indirect funding via grants to the provinces and financial support for students.
Public loaning for universities is primarily focused on public institutions. Universities are highly autonomous; they set their own admission standards and degree requirements, and have considerable flexibility in the management of their financial & education loan affairs and programmes including online degrees. Universities, colleges, online colleges & community colleges derive about three-quarters of their funding/loan from the provincial/territorial and federal governments (the largest share provided by the former).
Government support varies widely by both level (college/online college or university or online universities) and by institution. At the university level/online university, college tuition fees/financing account for an increasing proportion of operating income, a trend that is likely to continue. These are much less significant at college level.
Tuition fees at most universities are subsidized, but vary widely according to province, institution, and program of study, colleges, online colleges, university, and online universities. Recently, an increasing number of degree programs/online degrees, such as the executive master's in business administration degree or online masters degree, are entirely funded through student fees or student degrees or education degrees.
In some provinces (and at the federal level) the government has used, or attempted to use, this funding mechanism to steer universities and colleges towards greater Competition and improved performance as defined by government.
At the provincial level, those efforts have evolved more recently towards greater emphasis on outcomes as delineated in performance contracts, service plans, and various agreements between the province and its post-secondary partners.
In international comparisons, Canada has been awarded an “A” grade and ranks first out of 17 peer countries for college completion and has been awarded a “B” grade and ranks fifth out of 17 peer countries on university completion (OECD data as reported on the website, http://www.conferenceboard.ca/HCP/Details/education.aspx). In 1967 the province of Quebec established a pre-university program as a way of making Post-secondary education more accessible. The program, which is offered after Grade 11, replaces the extra year of high school, covers one year of community college, and is a prerequisite for university or online university acceptance.
According to the Conference Board of Canada, between 1990 and 2006, Midwestern Higher Education Compact college participation rates for those aged 17 to 19 were consistently above 35 percent in Quebec, compared with only 10 percent in the rest of Canada (http://www.conferenceboard.ca/).
In Canada, education loan is constitutionally the responsibility of the provincial governments - there is no national department of education. The federal government provides indirect funding via grants to the provinces and financial support for students.
Public loaning for universities is primarily focused on public institutions. Universities are highly autonomous; they set their own admission standards and degree requirements, and have considerable flexibility in the management of their financial & education loan affairs and programmes including online degrees. Universities, colleges, online colleges & community colleges derive about three-quarters of their funding/loan from the provincial/territorial and federal governments (the largest share provided by the former).
Government support varies widely by both level (college/online college or university or online universities) and by institution. At the university level/online university, college tuition fees/financing account for an increasing proportion of operating income, a trend that is likely to continue. These are much less significant at college level.
Tuition fees at most universities are subsidized, but vary widely according to province, institution, and program of study, colleges, online colleges, university, and online universities. Recently, an increasing number of degree programs/online degrees, such as the executive master's in business administration degree or online masters degree, are entirely funded through student fees or student degrees or education degrees.
In some provinces (and at the federal level) the government has used, or attempted to use, this funding mechanism to steer universities and colleges towards greater Competition and improved performance as defined by government.
At the provincial level, those efforts have evolved more recently towards greater emphasis on outcomes as delineated in performance contracts, service plans, and various agreements between the province and its post-secondary partners.
In international comparisons, Canada has been awarded an “A” grade and ranks first out of 17 peer countries for college completion and has been awarded a “B” grade and ranks fifth out of 17 peer countries on university completion (OECD data as reported on the website, http://www.conferenceboard.ca/HCP/Details/education.aspx). In 1967 the province of Quebec established a pre-university program as a way of making Post-secondary education more accessible. The program, which is offered after Grade 11, replaces the extra year of high school, covers one year of community college, and is a prerequisite for university or online university acceptance.
According to the Conference Board of Canada, between 1990 and 2006, Midwestern Higher Education Compact college participation rates for those aged 17 to 19 were consistently above 35 percent in Quebec, compared with only 10 percent in the rest of Canada (http://www.conferenceboard.ca/).
Levels in education of Canada:
As the education system in Canada is managed by the varying provincial governments in Canada, the way the educational stages are grouped and named may differ from each region. For example, the Ministry of Education in Nova Scotia refers to Kindergarten as Grade Primary. Also, opposed to their French designations in Quebec, Junior Kindergarten and Kindergarten in Ontario are called Maternelle and CPE Centre de la Petite Enfance in French. Students in the Prairie Provinces are not required by statute to attend kindergarten. As a result, kindergarten is not often available in smaller towns. The ages are the age of the students when they end the school year in June.
• Early childhood education
o Junior Kindergarten (ages 4–5) (Ontario only)
o Kindergarten (ages 5–6)
• Elementary education
o Grade 1 (ages 6–7)
o Grade 2 (ages 7–8)
o Grade 3 (ages 8–9)
o Grade 4 (ages 9–10)
o Grade 5 (ages 10–11)
o Grade 6 (ages 11–12)
o Grade 7 (ages 12–13)
o Grade 8 (ages 13–14)
• Secondary education
o Grade 9 (ages 14–15)
o Grade 10 (ages 15–16)
o Grade 11 (ages 16–17)
o Grade 12 (ages 17–18)
o Grade 12+ (ages 18+) (Ontario only)b
• Tertiary education
College:In Canada, the term college usually refers to a community college or a technical, applied arts, or applied science school. These are post-secondary institutions granting certificates, diplomas, associate’s degree, and bachelor's degrees, online bachelor degrees, online colleges.
University: A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants academic degrees in a variety of subjects. A university or online university is a corporation that provides both undergraduate education and postgraduate education or education degrees or online degrees or online masters degrees.
As the education system in Canada is managed by the varying provincial governments in Canada, the way the educational stages are grouped and named may differ from each region. For example, the Ministry of Education in Nova Scotia refers to Kindergarten as Grade Primary. Also, opposed to their French designations in Quebec, Junior Kindergarten and Kindergarten in Ontario are called Maternelle and CPE Centre de la Petite Enfance in French. Students in the Prairie Provinces are not required by statute to attend kindergarten. As a result, kindergarten is not often available in smaller towns. The ages are the age of the students when they end the school year in June.
• Early childhood education
o Junior Kindergarten (ages 4–5) (Ontario only)
o Kindergarten (ages 5–6)
• Elementary education
o Grade 1 (ages 6–7)
o Grade 2 (ages 7–8)
o Grade 3 (ages 8–9)
o Grade 4 (ages 9–10)
o Grade 5 (ages 10–11)
o Grade 6 (ages 11–12)
o Grade 7 (ages 12–13)
o Grade 8 (ages 13–14)
• Secondary education
o Grade 9 (ages 14–15)
o Grade 10 (ages 15–16)
o Grade 11 (ages 16–17)
o Grade 12 (ages 17–18)
o Grade 12+ (ages 18+) (Ontario only)b
• Tertiary education
College:In Canada, the term college usually refers to a community college or a technical, applied arts, or applied science school. These are post-secondary institutions granting certificates, diplomas, associate’s degree, and bachelor's degrees, online bachelor degrees, online colleges.
University: A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants academic degrees in a variety of subjects. A university or online university is a corporation that provides both undergraduate education and postgraduate education or education degrees or online degrees or online masters degrees.
Graduate school: A graduate school is a school that awards advanced academic degrees (i.e. master's degree, Ph.D.). in the masters degrees it should be online masters degrees , online education degrees or education degrees or various other education degrees also.
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