Government Expenditure and Share of Foreign Assistance and education loan

The Tenth Plan is being prepared in a difficult period. The insurgencies and political instability, and the economic downturn, education loan, student loans,online masters degree, online colleges, online degrees,  education degrees, online university have made it difficult to predict future development scenario. The Tenth Plan has accordingly laid out two growth scenario–one with 6.2% economic growth if the normalcy returns quickly and growth takes a normal path, and the other one with 4.3% of economic growth if the current situation persists for most of the Tenth Plan period. 
  
In the first scenario of 6.2% growth, an estimated expenditure of Rs.505 billion is visualized for five years’ period of which Rs.234 billion will be on development expenses like education loan, student loans,online masters degree, online colleges, online degrees,  education degrees, online university.In this scenario, education sector, online masters degree, online colleges, online degrees,  education degrees, online university  is expected to get Rs.72.6 billion of which Rs.51.5 will be for regular and Rs. 21.1 for development expenses. These preliminary estimates are made on the basis of 19% of total regular expenditure going to education loan, student loan while in case of total development expenditure, 9%  will go to this sector like education loan, student loans,online masters degree, online colleges, online degrees,  education degrees, online university. Term Expenditure Framework worked out its budgetary allocation with these shares to education loan sector, student loan system, education degrees, bachelor degrees, psychology thesis, online colleges degrees, online university degrees, online masters degrees.

In the second scenario of 4.3% growth rate, education sector, education degrees, online university, education loan, student loans,online masters degree, online colleges, online degrees, is allotted Rs.70 billion of which Rs.18.5 billion on development expenditure. The regular expenditure level has remained the same for both the scenario.  

The Tenth Plan is prepared as the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper of the country. Term Expenditure Framework is also prepared. It gives a budgetary frame for three years in education degrees, online university, online colleges, online degrees, education loan, student loans,online masters degree. The total estimated expenditure for education, education loan, student loans,online masters degree, online colleges, online degrees, for three years’ period is worked out at Rs.45.25 billion. Of this, Rs.34.17 billion will be on regular item heads and Rs.11.08 billion on development expenses. 

 

Financing in education and loan system of canada (05)

The Universities in Canada where found Education as a discipline

There are many universities in Canada where Education as discipline is being found. Here showing some of the universities where dept. or school or college of education exists. Every university is showing their education discipline here.

University of Alberta
Faculty of Education:

Courses serve:
Four year elementary or secondary programs
Two years after degrees
Five years combined degrees
Collaborative (off campus) degrees
Aboriginal Teacher education program

University of Toronto
Department of Education:

University of Manitoba
Faculty of Education

Megill University
Faculty of Education
 

School:
•school of Information & Studies
Departments:
•Kinesiology & physical education
•Education & counseling psychology
•Integrated study in education

University laval
Faculty of education

Lakehead University
Department of Education

University of Calgary
Faculty of education

Courses serve:
•Education (Bachelor of Education - Master of Teaching Program),
•Educational Research, Graduate Division

Brock University
Department of Education
Courses serve:
•Concurrent Programs
•Graduate & Undergraduate
•Teacher Education
•Tecumseh Centre
•Adult Education
•Continuing Teacher Education

University of British Columbia
Schools/Departments within Faculty

Departments
•Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS)
•Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP)
•Educational Studies (EDST)
•Language and Literacy Education (LLED)

Schools
•Human Kinetics, School of (HKIN)
Research
Research Centre’s:
•Center for Cross-Faculty Inquiry in Education
•Center for Culture, Identity and Education
•Center for Intercultural Language Studies
•Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Collaboration in Autism
•Center for Policy Studies in Higher Education and Training
•Center for the Study of Historical Consciousness
•Center for the Study of the Internationalization of Curriculum Studies
•Center for the Study of Teacher Education
•Institute for Early Childhood Education and Research
•Network of Center’s and Institutes in Education
•Psycho educational Research and Training Centre

Brandon University
Faculty of Education

Bishop’s university
SCHOOL OF EDUCATION:
 

Courses serve:
•CONTINUING EDUCATION
•COLLABORATIVE PROGRAM

                                           Conclusion
Canada govt. currently investing almost $1.9 billion in post-secondary education infrastructure, research, technology innovation and Environmental protection;  $20 million in support of Pathways to Education Canada’s work to support disadvantaged youth & Committing $30 million to support better elementary and secondary education outcomes for First Nations students.

There is a diverse range of funding arrangements for higher education throughout the world. Where there is a mixture of arrangements, this may represent the necessity of compromise by governments to accommodate competing pressures. Many countries have moved away from direct control relationships with universities to those based on autonomy of institution, with funding tied to quality, efficiency, and often, incentives towards government priorities for development. Student choice is sometimes used as a measure of quality and funding is awarded accordingly, while in other countries funding is contingent on the number of successful completions o the numbers of credits achieved. In large, federalised countries, funding is often provided by local, state and central governments and there may be a multiplicity of arrangements.

As Canada have ranked 1st in the HDI report so we should also follow them in financing the education system of ours.

Financing in education and loan system of canada (04)

The Current Budget: FY-2010/11 in Education sector

A significant size of investment has been done in this sector, both by the public and the private sectors. This has been possible as a result of Governments deliberate effort to liberalize the economy and creating a favorable environment by licensing private players, with Government retaining the regulatory, supervisory and curriculum development role.
To further facilitate private sector participation and partnership, Government has extended an income tax exemption on private schools and some laboratory equipments have also been provided to boost the teaching of sciences at secondary school level.

Implementation of UPE and USE programmes to achieve the target of universal primary education and universal secondary education schooling by 2015 remained Government’s key priority for the education sector in FY 2008/09.  The sector targets for access remain to increase enrolment ratios in primary education from 92.1% to 95%; and to increase the transition rates from primary education to secondary education from 50% to 80% in the medium term.

An additional UShs.59 billion was provided to the education sector to support UPE, USE, and Business Technical,online masters degree, online colleges, online degrees,  education degrees, online university, Vocational Education and Training (BTVET). In addition, UShs.Far more than 2.5 billion was provided to strengthen school inspection, education loan, student loans,online masters degree, online colleges, online degrees,  education degrees, online university. By the end of December 2008, the sector had demonstrated strong absorptive capacity across wage (100%), non wage (95%) and development (97%). 

Pre-primary and primary sub sector

In FY 2008/09, under Pre-primary education and Primary education sub sector, enrolment was at 7.5 million pupils while the Net Enrolment Ratio was 93.3%. However, quality related concerns remain a challenge for which the sector initiated the Quality Enhancement Initiative (QEI) with a view to improving performance and quality of UPE.

Universal Post Primary Education and Training (UPPET) 

The USE enrolment returns indicate that a total of 452,137 students are currently benefitting from the programme, of which 255,324 students (56%) are male while 196,813 students (44%) are female. Government schools accounted for 314,819 students (70%) while private schools accounted for 137,318 students (30%) of USE enrolment. The number of schools participating in the USE programme increased from 1,231 (800 government and 431 private) in 2008 to 1,347 (802 Government and 545 private) in 2009.

To increase access to USE, construction of 24 seed schools with funding from African Development Bank (ADB) was completed. Each of the 24 seed schools received an administration block, laboratory block (with 2 laboratories: chemistry/physics and biology/agriculture), 2 blocks of classrooms with 2 classes each, and a toilet stances (3 stances for girls, 3 stances for boys and 2 stances for teachers). Each school was also provided with furniture, two 10,000 litre-water tanks, at least 2 staff houses, a gate with a gatehouse and a chain link around the school. Another 11 secondary schools were rehabilitated and phase 1 of the secondary school ICT laboratory programme in 100 schools was completed.

Additional 39 seed schools were completed in various districts with GoU funding. Construction of the first phase started around November 2007 for most of them.
Business, technical veterinary Education and Training (BTVET) Institutions Enrolment returns indicate that a total of 9,099 students are benefiting from the BTVET of which 7,316 students (80%) are male while 1,783 (20%) are female. Enrollment in Government schools was 7,693 (85%) while that in private BTVET schools was 1,406 (15%). 

Budget: 3.6% of GDP
Per Student: US $6,482

•Converting the Canadian Millennium Scholarship Program to a Canada Student Grant, education loan, student loans, online masters degree loan, online colleges loan, online degrees loan,  education degrees loan, online university  loan Program with the existing $350-million investment in 2009–10 rising to $430 million in 2012–13.

•$123 million over four years to streamline and the Canada Student Loans, education loan, student loans, online masters degree loan, online colleges loan, online degrees loan,  education degrees loan, online university Program loans.

•Increasing limits Registered Education Savings Plans.

•$28 million over two years for new scholarships for Canadian and international doctoral students, online masters degree, online colleges, online degrees,  education degrees, online university studebts and support for Canadian graduate students, online masters degree, online colleges, online degrees,  education degrees, online university students to study abroad.

The Alternative Federal Budget called for an immediate $432 million transfer governed by a new Post-Secondary Education Act with it rising to $2.4 billion by 2010-11.

In 2010, these universities are selected to receive the grants from the Canadian govt.

University of Alberta: US$717.5
McMaster University: US$460.7
University of Toronto (colleges excluded): US$1437.2
University of Victoria: US$365.2
University of Waterloo: US$226.

Financing in education and loan system of canada (03)

Higher Education Funding–Overseas           Models

First of all we have to know the such thing before reviewing the Higher education, maters degree, education degrees, funding, student loan,education loan, student loans,online masters degree, online colleges, online degrees,  education degrees, online university system.

Who funds the capital budgets of Canadian Universities?
 

1. Federal Government
The Federal Government makes no contributions towards capital needs for student loans, education degrees, student degrees, bachelor degrees, online degrees.

2.  Provincial Governments
The provinces hold the major responsibility for providing capital funding for universities, colleges,students loans although the trend in recent years has been to do so on a matching basis with private contributions.

3.  Municipal Governments
Cities make no contribution towards capital needs.

4.  Private (individuals and corporations)
Canadian universities launch major fund raising programs in the millions of dollars to support the need for capital.  Notwithstanding these initiatives, the infrastructure continues to crumble.

Who funds external research expenditures in Canadian universities?
 

1.  Federal Government
The Federal Government is the prime provider of externally funded research grants.

2.  Provincial Governments
The provinces make a small contribution to this cause.

3.  Municipal Governments
City governments do little in the way of funding university external research.

4.  Business, foundations
Businesses, foundations and private individuals are making larger and larger contributions towards research as private fund raising provides the opportunity to direct funding to areas other than capital to the students as loan, student degrees,student bachelor degrees.

5.  Universities
In an effort to increase the research effort, universities are doing more and more contracted research that brings with it overhead funds which may be directed for other purposes.


                                           Alberta
In education system Alberta is one of the biggest provinces of Canada. So here is showing the Investments, financing system, student loans, online education system, online education loans, bachelor degrees, online university, online colleges, student bachelor degrees, education loans, online masters degrees of the province. Investment in Alberta’s Kindergarten to Grade 12 education system reaches far more than $6.3 billion (including education property tax for opted out school boards) and increase of far more than $52 million or 0.8 per cent over the previous year.  Operating support to school boards increases by $249 million to $5.4 billion.

Over 10 years, funding to the K-12 education system has increased by 73 per cent while student enrollment has increased by three per cent (2010/2011 school year: Grant rates remain unchanged) $31.4 million invested in students every school day.


School Type                       2009/2010Funded Students(K-12)    % of Student Population
Public School System                            531,090                                                  96%
Private School System                            23,900                                                     4%
Total Funded Students                           554,990                                                100%

Alberta Initiative for School Improvement (AISI)- $79 million-supports local projects, focusing on innovative and creative initiatives based upon local needs and circumstances, which help improve student learning, education loan, student loans,online masters degree, online colleges, online degrees,  education degrees, online university.

English as Second Language-$87 million-support increases by $10 million or 12 per cent to accommodate the growing number of students who need additional supports, student loans,education degrees, oline masters degrees,online college students, online university, online education degrees, bachelor degrees, education degrees, online masters degees to increase fluency in English or French and do better in school. Over last five years, funding, loans has increased by $39 million or 83 per cent.

Kindergarten and Pre-School-$351 million- About 47,500 children attend pre-school and Kindergarten programs. Programs are available for children as young as 2-1/2 (with special learning needs). Special needs funding for young children increases by $16 million or 11 per cent to accommodate the increasing number of children with special needs.

Private Schools and Private Pre-School Operators-$171 million-no grant rate changes for the 2010/2011 school year government maintains its commitment to the Small Class Size Initiative through another investment of $222 million for the 2010/2011 fiscal year.

              ECS to Grade 9 Funding Rates-per student

Grades                       Base Rate         Class Size Base Rate                Student Grant  
ECS                               $2,985                 $652                                            $3,637

Grades:1-3                    $5,971                 $1,304                                         $7,275 
Grades:4-6                    $5,971                 $274                                            $6,245 
Grades:7-9                    $5,971                 $5,971                                              X

School infrastructure capital support will be $513 million for 2010-11 and nearly $1 billion to schools jurisdictions over three years for completion of previously announced projects. 

Infrastructure maintenance renewal (IMR): additional $96 million in IMR funding to maintain safe and healthy school facilities.

Teachers’ Pension Plan: contribution of $261 million (increase of 16 per cent) made by the Government of Alberta on behalf of online masters degree, online colleges, online degrees, education degrees, online university teachers for current service increases by $36 million to $261 million. In addition, government will contribute $437 million for the cost of the pre-1992 teachers’ pension liability.

online masters degree, online colleges, online degrees,  education degrees, online university Students Health Initiative increases to $48.6 million – an increase of $9.4 million or 23.9 per cent – which is the same level of funding that was provided prior to the one-time Value Review Savings announced in August 2009.

Transportation – $259 million - maintains support for student educational transportation services. About 246,500 students ride a bus to school, traveling about 83 million kilometers per year.

This includes $35 million for each of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and $17.5 million for the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council. These funds will provide for an additional 500 doctoral scholarships, valued at $35,000 each per year for three years beginning in 2009–10, and an additional 1,000 master’s scholarships, valued at $17,500 each for one year, in both 2009–10 and 2010–11. Scholarships granted by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council will be focused on business-related degrees.And also Scholarships granted for education loan, student loans,online masters degree, online colleges, online degrees,  education degrees, online university.

Budget 2009 also provides an additional $3.5 million over two years to offer an additional 600 graduate internships in science and business $30 million to help companies hire over 1,000 new post-secondary education graduates, including graduates, online masters degree, online colleges, online degrees,  education degrees, online university from business schools, to implement more effective business processes and strategies, and develop new innovative products and services that companies can bring to the marketplace.

In 2001, governments as a whole in Canada spent 15% of their total expenditure on education compared to 17% for health until 2000; they had spent more on education than health. Between 1997-1998 and 2001-2002, public expenditure on education grew 2% at the elementary-secondary level and 9% at the post-secondary level. In 2001-2002, 7% of all expenditure at the elementary-secondary education level & 27% at the post-secondary education level came from private sources.

Tuition fees or student loans at universities increased during the 1990s. They almost doubled for undergraduate programs, online colleges, online education degrees, education degrees, online masters degrees, education loan, online masters degree, online colleges, online degrees, student loans, education degrees, online university between 1990-1991 and 2001-2002, rising from an average of $1,806 to $3,585 (in 2001 constant dollars).

Between 1990-1991 and 1999-2000, student tuition, education loan, online masters degree, online colleges, online degrees, student loans, education degrees, online university and other non-government revenue increased from 32% to 45% of total university revenue.

Financing in education and loan system of Canada (02)

Provincial Education system                             Provincial Department Or Ministry

Education in Alberta>                                                   Alberta Education
Education in British Columbia>                                   Ministry of Education
Education in New Brunswick>                                     Ministry of Education
Education in Newfoundland and Labrador>                 Ministry of Education
Education in Manitoba>                                               Ministry of Education
Education in Northwest Territories>       Department of Education, Culture and Employment
Education in Nova Scotia>                                       Department of Education
Education in Nunavut>                                             Department of Education
Education in Ontario>                                                   Ministry of Education
Education in Prince>                                                Department of Education

Edward Island>                                          Ministère de l'Éducation, du Loisir et du Sport
Education in Quebec>                                               Ministry of Education

Education in Saskatchewan>               Department of Education, Culture and Employment

Education in Yukon>                                                      Ministry of Education



                          Provincial Funding

Provincial and territorial regulations, revised yearly, provide the grant structure that sets the level of funding for each school board in their jurisdiction, based on factors such as the number of students, special needs, and location. Public funding for provincial education comes either directly from the provincial or territorial government or through a mix of provincial transfers and local taxes collected either by the local government or by the boards with taxing powers as shown in table 2 in the appendix. 

Most of the provinces provide 100% of the funding for Elementary and Secondary education to their school boards and districts to operate their schools and educational programs, with four of the provinces Nova Scotia, Quebec, Manitoba and Saskatchewan requiring their school boards to supplement through local revenues.

The three northern territories, Yukon, Nunavut, and Northwest Territories, provide education services for their Registered Indian and/or Inuit populations. All other registered First Nation children living off reserve are educated in the public elementary and secondary schools in the cities, towns, and communities where they reside. education Funding or loaning system responsibility for these students is assumed by the provincial government.

Primary & Secondary education funding

 Provincial Language Funding:

2005-2006………………………………$246,797,000
2006-2007……………………………...$255,397,000
2007-2008……………………………...$258,597,000
2008-2009………………………………$258,597,000

Financing in education and loan system of Canada (01)

Introduction

In Canada, education loan is constitutionally the responsibility of the provincial governments - there is no national department of education. The federal government provides indirect funding via grants to the provinces and financial support for students.

Public loaning for universities is primarily focused on public institutions. Universities are highly autonomous; they set their own admission standards and degree requirements, and have considerable flexibility in the management of their financial & education loan affairs and programmes including online degrees. Universities, colleges, online colleges & community colleges derive about three-quarters of their funding/loan from the provincial/territorial and federal governments (the largest share provided by the former).

Government support varies widely by both level (college/online college or university or online universities) and by institution. At the university level/online university, college tuition fees/financing account for an increasing proportion of operating income, a trend that is likely to continue. These are much less significant at college level.

Tuition fees at most universities are subsidized, but vary widely according to province, institution, and program of study, colleges, online colleges, university, and online universities. Recently, an increasing number of degree programs/online degrees, such as the executive master's in business administration degree or online masters degree, are entirely funded through student fees or student degrees or education degrees.

In some provinces (and at the federal level) the government has used, or attempted to use, this funding mechanism to steer universities and colleges towards greater Competition and improved performance as defined by government.

At the provincial level, those efforts have evolved more recently towards greater emphasis on outcomes as delineated in performance contracts, service plans, and various agreements between the province and its post-secondary partners.

In international comparisons, Canada has been awarded an “A” grade and ranks first out of 17 peer countries for college completion and has been awarded a “B” grade and ranks fifth out of 17 peer countries on university completion (OECD data as reported on the website, http://www.conferenceboard.ca/HCP/Details/education.aspx). In 1967 the province of Quebec established a pre-university program as a way of making Post-secondary education more accessible. The program, which is offered after Grade 11, replaces the extra year of high school, covers one year of community college, and is a prerequisite for university or online university acceptance.

According to the Conference Board of Canada, between 1990 and 2006, Midwestern Higher Education Compact college participation rates for those aged 17 to 19 were consistently above 35 percent in Quebec, compared with only 10 percent in the rest of Canada (http://www.conferenceboard.ca/). 
 

Levels in education of Canada:

As the education system in Canada is managed by the varying provincial governments in Canada, the way the educational stages are grouped and named may differ from each region. For example, the Ministry of Education in Nova Scotia refers to Kindergarten as Grade Primary. Also, opposed to their French designations in Quebec, Junior Kindergarten and Kindergarten in Ontario are called Maternelle and CPE Centre de la Petite Enfance in French. Students in the Prairie Provinces are not required by statute to attend kindergarten. As a result, kindergarten is not often available in smaller towns. The ages are the age of the students when they end the school year in June.

•    Early childhood education
o    Junior Kindergarten (ages 4–5) (Ontario only)
o    Kindergarten (ages 5–6)
•    Elementary education
o    Grade 1 (ages 6–7)
o    Grade 2 (ages 7–8)
o    Grade 3 (ages 8–9)
o    Grade 4 (ages 9–10)
o    Grade 5 (ages 10–11)
o    Grade 6 (ages 11–12)
o    Grade 7 (ages 12–13)
o    Grade 8 (ages 13–14)
•    Secondary education
o    Grade 9 (ages 14–15)
o    Grade 10 (ages 15–16)
o    Grade 11 (ages 16–17)
o    Grade 12 (ages 17–18)
o    Grade 12+ (ages 18+) (Ontario only)b
•    Tertiary education

College:In Canada, the term college usually refers to a community college or a technical, applied arts, or applied science school. These are post-secondary institutions granting certificates, diplomas, associate’s degree, and bachelor's degrees, online bachelor degrees, online colleges.

University: A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants academic degrees in a variety of subjects. A university or online university is a corporation that provides both undergraduate education and postgraduate education or education degrees or online degrees or online masters degrees.
 

Graduate school: A graduate school is a school that awards advanced academic degrees (i.e. master's degree, Ph.D.). in the masters degrees it should be online masters degrees , online education degrees or education degrees or various other education degrees also.